Abstract
Prosociality is a behavior characterized by actions performed for the benefit or well-being of others. Recent studies have corroborated parallels in brain activation patterns between rodents and humans during prosocial behaviors. These findings have the potential to advance our understanding of social impairments observed in neurodevelopmental disorders, brain injuries, neurological conditions, and mental health disorders. However, a consensus regarding prosocial paradigms in rodents remains scattered. This conceptual framework aims to (1) reframe prosociality as a set of complex behaviors emerging in response to environmental determinants that cannot be reduced to a single set of data; (2) highlight important methodological considerations, mediating variables, and behavioral analyses that influence prosocial behaviors; and (3) present a decision tree as a dynamic element within this conceptual framework to offer guidance to researchers. The conceptual framework and decision tree are concise and straightforward, providing a robust foundation for the ongoing utilization of current models and the creation of novel paradigms. The integration of this conceptual framework into research practices will contribute to the advancement of knowledge in the field of rodent prosociality and foster greater confidence in the validity and reproducibility of study findings.