Molecular epidemiology and clinical differentiation between Clostridioides difficile infection and colonization across three chicago medical centers

In a retrospective cohort study at three Chicago academic medical centers, 22/81 (27.2%) patients with a clinically adjudicated positive C. difficile test result were colonized. Recent antibiotic usage predicted true infection (adjusted odds ratio: 4.38 for infection). Restriction endonuclease analysis(REA) group Y (29.3%) replaced BI (9.3%) as the dominant strain.