Abstract
BACKGROUND: The emergence of telehealth has transformed healthcare delivery across multiple disciplines, with tele-nutrition representing a rapidly evolving field that addresses nutritional assessment, counseling, and management through digital platforms. OBJECTIVE: This narrative review examines the current landscape of pediatric tele-nutrition services, exploring technological platforms, clinical applications, evidence for effectiveness, implementation considerations, and future directions. METHODS: A comprehensive literature search was conducted across PubMed, CINAHL, Embase, and Web of Science databases from January 2010 to October 2025. A total of 114 relevant sources were selected, encompassing randomized controlled trials, observational studies, systematic reviews, implementation studies, clinical guidelines, and policy documents. RESULTS: This review synthesized 114 sources, predominantly from the United States (54%) and European nations (21%), with evidence expansion accelerating post-COVID-19 pandemic. Evidence suggests pediatric tele-nutrition demonstrates clinical outcomes comparable to traditional in-person care across diverse populations including obesity management, diabetes, gastrointestinal disorders, feeding difficulties, metabolic conditions, and preventive nutrition services. Multiple technology platforms are utilized, with synchronous video consultations most common (60-85% of encounters). Benefits include enhanced access to specialized care, increased frequency of contact, reduced family burden, and high satisfaction rates (>80% across most studies). Challenges include limitations in physical assessment, digital equity concerns affecting vulnerable populations, variable reimbursement policies, and the need for provider training. Hybrid models combining virtual and in-person care appear optimal for many conditions. CONCLUSIONS: Pediatric tele-nutrition represents a viable and effective care delivery model with particular advantages for families facing geographic, logistic, or access barriers. Continued attention to digital equity, provider training, regulatory frameworks, sustainable reimbursement policies, and rigorous evidence generation will optimize implementation and outcomes. Future directions include artificial intelligence applications, precision nutrition approaches, and expanded global health applications.