Abstract
BACKGROUND: Central venous lines (CVLs) and arterial lines (ALs) are commonly used for patients in the intensive care units (ICUs) to facilitate the administration of medications and haemodynamic monitoring. In an ICU in Queensland, Australia (AU), saline (sodium chloride 0.9%) flush bags used for these lines were routinely changed every 24 h following organizational policy that all intravenous fluid bags are to be changed within a 24-h period. AIM: This quality improvement (QI) project aimed to evaluate current practice guided by the Plan-Do-Study-Act (PDSA) model of QI and implementation science. Benchmarking practices with other ICUs was conducted. STUDY DESIGN: A narrative literature review focused on evaluating the safe interval for changing flush solutions every 24 h was performed using EBSCO Medline, CINAHL, Cochrane Library, Embase and Google Scholar databases for citations up to November 2022. Bloodstream infection rates attributed to CVLs and/or ALs were monitored. Economic analysis was performed. End-user feedback was sought. A change of practice was implemented for a 1-year study period (March 2023 - March 2024) to extend dwell times of flushing solutions for CVLs and ALs from every 24 h to every 96 h. RESULTS: One-year post-implementation, no bloodstream infections were linked to CVLs or ALs. A simplified economic analysis was performed based on costs of 0.9% sodium chloride 500-mL fluid bags, which revealed that changing the fluid bags once every 96 h resulted in a per patient saving of AU$3.21 for any individual AL or CVL and up to AU$6.42 per patient where both an AL and CVL are in situ, based on fluid bag cost at AU$1.07 per bag. This saving excludes potential savings from reduced nursing time, infection-related costs and recycling costs. CONCLUSION: A sustainable practice change based on evidence was implemented in the local ICU. The use of the PDSA model of the QI process and the principles of implementation science strengthened the buy-in and implementation of the project. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE: This practice change was examined through lenses of evidence-based practice, environmental sustainability (minimizing environmental footprint by limiting plastic bag usage), patient safety, cost minimization, and reduced nursing workload.