Abstract
INTRODUCTION: Primary care is at the forefront of addressing the pediatric mental health (MH) crisis due to its broad reach to young children and prevention and health promotion orientation. However, the promise of the delivery system for population impact remains unrealized due to several barriers, including pragmatic screening, decisional uncertainty, and limited access to evidence-based services. METHOD: This article lays the conceptual foundations for the articles in this Special Section on Mental Health, Earlier in Pediatric Primary Care, which all apply a translational mindset to proposed strategies and solutions to overcome the barriers that have limited the potential of pediatric primary care for improving the MH and wellbeing of all children. RESULTS: Valid, pragmatic, transdiagnostic, developmentally-based screening measures to identify children at heightened risk are needed. Risk screening for MH problems should assess and empirically weight socioecological risk and protective factors, as well as the child's own assets for resilience to determine probabilistic risk. Pediatric clinicians require clear clinical cutoffs and guidelines for action when risk for MH problems is identified. DISCUSSION: These strategies-a developmentally-based screener with associated risk calculator that offers clear guidance to pediatric clinicians-address decisional uncertainty regarding when to worry and when to act. The communication of probabilistic risk requires additional client-centered communication skills to overcome different types of biases (e.g., implicit, benevolent, and cognitive) that contribute to MH inequities and decisional uncertainty in acting on identified risk. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).