Abstract
This paper provides a comprehensive overview of the diverse applications and innovations of nanoparticles in the detection of Salmonella. It encompasses a comprehensive range of novel methods, including efficient enrichment, nucleic acid extraction, immunoassays, nucleic acid tests, biosensors, and emerging strategies with the potential for future applications. The surface modification of specific antibodies or ligands enables nanoparticles to achieve highly selective capture of Salmonella, while optimizing the nucleic acid extraction process and improving detection efficiency. The employment of nanoparticles in immunological and nucleic acid tests markedly enhances the specificity and sensitivity of the reaction, thereby optimizing the determination of detection results. Moreover, the distinctive physicochemical properties of nanoparticles enhance the sensitivity, selectivity, and stability of biosensors, thereby facilitating the rapid advancement of bio-detection technologies. It is particularly noteworthy that there has been significant advancement in the application and innovative research of nanozymes in molecular assays. This progress has not only resulted in enhanced detection efficiency but has also facilitated innovation and improvement in detection technologies. As nanotechnologies continue to advance, the use of metal and metal oxide nanoparticles in Salmonella detection is likely to become a more promising and reliable strategy for ensuring food safety and public health.