Abstract
Cyclophosphamide, one of the most efficient tumoricidal, antiangiogenic, and immunostimulatory drugs employed to date mediates part of its effects through intestinal bacteria, against which the host becomes immunized during treatment. Our recent work suggests that anti-commensal effector pT(H)17 and memory T(H)1 CD4(+) T-cell responses are indispensable for optimal anticancer effects as mediated by cyclophosphamide.