Improved immunogenicity of fusions between ethanol-treated cancer cells and dendritic cells exposed to dual TLR stimulation

Tumor-derived transforming growth factor β1 (TGFβ1) generally abrogates the immunogenicity of dendritic cells (DCs) fused to whole cancer cells. We have recently revealed that ethanol-treated neoplastic cells fused to DCs exposed to 2 Toll-like receptor agonists efficiently induce cytotoxic T lymphocytes via TGFβ1 blockade and the production of interleukin-12.