Abstract
We analyzed the immune microenvironment in the neoplastic and stromal components of Stage I lung adenocarcinoma lesions, finding that a high ratio of tumor-infiltrating FOXP3(+) regulatory T cells to CD3(+) lymphocytes, an elevated expression of the interleukin-7 receptor, as well as a reduced expression of the interleukin-12 receptor β2 all constitute independent factors of poor prognosis.