Abstract
OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to investigate the utility of minor salivary glands in the hypopharynx as novel indicators for safe resection of superficial hypopharyngeal carcinomas with fewer complications. STUDY DESIGN: Cadaveric study. SETTING: Cadavers were stored in the pathology laboratory at Kansai Medical University. METHODS: Twenty-three cadaveric specimens were examined for minor salivary glands in the pyriform sinus, posterior wall, and postcricoid regions of the hypopharynx. Their count, size, and depth were assessed. Resected specimens from 5 consecutive patients with superficial hypopharyngeal carcinomas were pathologically analyzed to determine the positional relationship between cancer and minor salivary glands. RESULTS: Minor salivary glands were present in more than 70% of patients in each region during autopsy, with the postcricoid region having a larger count and size. The glands were universally present, regardless of sex, height, or body mass index. Minor salivary glands in the pyriform sinus and postcricoid region were present at a depth of 30% from the bottom of the submucosal layer, whereas those in the posterior wall were present in the shallow muscularis. During surgery, endoscopic findings revealed minor salivary glands as small white nodules in the submucosal layer. Pathological examination of the resected specimen confirmed that the white nodule was a minor salivary gland. In addition, tumor position in relation to minor salivary glands provided an adequate margin for resection. CONCLUSION: Minor salivary glands may serve as reliable indicators for determining adequate deep safety margins during surgery for superficial hypopharyngeal carcinoma.