Abstract
INTRODUCTION: Neuroendocrine prostate cancer is an aggressive histological subtype of prostate cancer with a poor prognosis. Neuroendocrine prostate cancer is traditionally treated with cisplatin-based chemotherapy, similar to that used in treating small-cell lung cancer. However, the therapeutic effectiveness of chemotherapy for neuroendocrine prostate cancer has been limited. This case report describes a response to triplet therapy using darolutamide, androgen deprivation therapy, and docetaxel, which was administered in a patient with mixed neuroendocrine prostate cancer. CASE PRESENTATION: A 77-year-old man was newly diagnosed with mixed neuroendocrine prostate cancer. Serum prostate-specific antigen, neuron-specific enolase, and progastrin-releasing peptide levels were 62.2, 40.6, and 60.6 pg/mL, respectively. Multiple lymph node metastases were identified on a computed tomography scan, and bone scintigraphy revealed multiple bone metastases. The clinical stage was determined to be cT3bN1M1b. Ultimately, tumor size and serum markers decreased with triplet therapy. CONCLUSION: We demonstrated the first case in which triplet therapy had been effective in the treatment of neuroendocrine prostate cancer.