Abstract
INTRODUCTION: Small cell carcinoma of the prostate has a poor prognosis even with standard systemic chemotherapy. We report a case, in which combination therapy with radiation and hyperthermia-induced clinical complete response. CASE PRESENTATION: An 87-year-old man complaining of dysuria was referred to our hospital. Based on magnetic resonance imaging findings and a history of prostate cancer, a prostate biopsy was performed, and small cell carcinoma of the prostate was diagnosed. Whole-pelvis radiation therapy was administered with an additional dose to the prostate; eight cycles of hyperthermia treatment (8 MHz radiofrequency capacitive regional hyperthermia) were administered concurrently. Normalized neuron-specific enolase levels and magnetic resonance imaging confirmed a complete response. A few cancer cells were seen in the post-treatment biopsy specimen, which demonstrated positive immunostaining for heat shock protein 70 and HIKESHI. CONCLUSION: In this case, small cell carcinoma of the prostate was effectively treated with combined radiation and hyperthermia therapy.