Abstract
PURPOSE: To develop and validate a trans oral endoscopic thyroidectomy vestibular approach (TOETVA) simulator. METHODS: The first phase of the project consisted of designing and developing a transoral thyroid surgery simulator based on real surgeries. The product has the oral cavity for attaching the three trocars and the cervical part containing the thyroid and adjacent structures. In the second phase, the simulator was validated by specialists who performed an endoscopic thyroidectomy procedure. They all filled a questionnaire about the simulator and the simulation based on the Likert scale. RESULTS: The simulator consists of a console similar to a human bust and a high-resolution camera system connected to a 22-inch monitor. The simulator had excellent results in the visual evaluation (face validity), with 100% of responses between good and excellent for the following characteristics: synthetic structures, design, visibility of the surgery field, resistance, resilience, fulcrum effect, ergonomics, surgical material, and practicality. The last three were rated higher, with more votes for excellent. For content validity, the items that received the best ratings were, precisely, the steps relating to the surgical procedure: opening the intermuscular midline, isthmotomy, and thyroidectomy. CONCLUSIONS: The thyroidectomy training box showed great ability to simulate a TOETVA, with satisfactory evaluations concerning its visual and content validation.