Abstract
In view of the increase in the therapeutic arsenal available for the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease in recent years, concerns about safety and side effects of immunosuppressive therapies have been increasingly common in clinical practice. The combination of thiopurines and anti-tumor necrosis factor agents exposes patients to greater risks of serious and opportunistic infection such as tuberculosis (TB). Here we report a case of a 38-year-old female with an 8-year history of a fistulizing ileocolonic and perianal Crohn's disease that developed TB on the tongue and disseminated during treatment with adalimumab and azathioprine. TB remains a global public health problem characterized by high morbidity and mortality worldwide. The reported case draws attention to an extremely unusual presentation of TB involving the tongue. TB should be included in the differential diagnosis of oral lesions in patients with inflammatory bowel disease, especially in endemic areas.