Abstract
This article provides a critical review of international experiences regarding the professional organization of physicians and the registration of doctors in developed countries. The problems faced by professional medical organizations in the EU-15 countries, Japan, the United States and Canada, are examined. Medical professional groups differ in several dimensions, including obligatory registration versus voluntary membership or types of registration (centralized, indirect, or delegated). The centralization-decentralization axis is a key aspect for the analysis. While decentralized systems are better able to adapt to the idiosyncrasy of a particular region, decentralization is identified as a source of potential problems in the organization of medical doctors. Some of these problems (discrepancies in positions on health matters, problems with the reliability of statistical information on medical demography at national level, deficient mechanisms for the control of doctors who have lost their licenses) might have consequences for the quality of the health care system.