Abstract
BACKGROUND: The identification of biomarkers has led to the discovery of new pathways for precision diagnostics and tailored therapies in neoplasms of the central nervous system, thereby enhancing prognoses due to their diverse anatomical structures. OBJECTIVE: This review explores advancements in identifying biomarkers in central nervous system tumors and their application in targeted therapeutic strategies. METHODS: The literature review, utilizing electronic databases like PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science, emphasized studies on CNS tumors, biomarkers, targeted therapy, and precision medicine, emphasizing clinical trials, validation of biomarkers, and molecular characterization. DISCUSSION: Advances in liquid biopsy and sequencing have significantly impacted the diagnosis and prognosis of CNS malignancies, leading to targeted therapies and improved biomarker discovery. CONCLUSION: Biomarker-driven approaches have significantly improved CNS cancer treatment. Future research should focus on confirming new biomarkers, improving delivery methods, and ensuring wider access to precision drugs to improve patient lifespan and quality of life.