The association of proton pump inhibitors and inflammatory bowel disease from the perspective of gut microbiota perturbation

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is closely related to changes in the gut microbiota, with proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) possibly playing a role. PPIs use is associated with altering gut microbiota and potentially influencing IBD onset and progression. This review explores the mechanisms by which PPIs affect gut microbiota and IBD, suggests strategies to mitigate dysbiosis, outlook on the causal relationship validation between PPIs use and IBD risk, emphasizing the broader impact of acid suppressants on gut health.