Abstract
Research supports an association between dissociation and elevations in feelings of shame. Yet, some work suggests this connection may be influenced by interpersonal relationship context, with shame heightened when dissociation is experienced with a close friend compared to when alone or with an acquaintance. The current studies sought to further clarify the relational context in which dissociation appears to maximize shame activation. Participants read stories depicting either dissociation or sadness in different relationship contexts, and subsequently responded on measures of emotions, state shame, shame explanations, and perceived behavioral responses. Study 1 (N = 328) revealed that shame feelings were common responses to dissociation, but did not differ when dissociation occurred with an old or new therapist. In Study 2 (N = 345), shame was again elevated in response to dissociation. Additionally, single-item shame ratings were heightened following dissociative experiences with a close friend and doctor compared to when alone, and in these former two contexts showed increased shame with dissociation compared to sadness. Shame appears to follow the experience of dissociation, and this relationship may strengthen when in the presence of another, suggesting that social relationships may be an important variable in the relationship between shame and dissociation.