Abstract
In this article, extensive three-dimensional simulations are conducted for tank-treading (TT) red blood cells (RBCs) in shear flow with different cell viscous properties and flow conditions. Apart from recent numerical studies on TT RBCs, this research considers the uncertainty in cytoplasm viscosity, covers a more complete range of shear flow situations of available experiments, and examines the TT behaviors in more details. Key TT characteristics, including the rotation frequency, deformation index, and inclination angle, are compared with available experimental results of similar shear flow conditions. Fairly good simulation-experiment agreements for these parameters can be obtained by adjusting the membrane viscosity values; however, different rheological relationships between the membrane viscosity and the flow shear rate are noted for these comparisons: shear thinning from the TT frequency, Newtonian from the inclination angle, and shear thickening from the cell deformation. Previous studies claimed a shear-thinning membrane viscosity model based on the TT frequency results; however, such a conclusion seems premature from our results and more carefully designed and better controlled investigations are required for the RBC membrane rheology. In addition, our simulation results reveal complicate RBC TT features and such information could be helpful for a better understanding of in vivo and in vitro RBC dynamics.