Abstract
Botulinum toxin A (BoNT-A) has become an important therapeutic tool in the management of refractory overactive bladder (OAB). Over the last decade, there have been growing numbers of patients receiving repeat injections and these outcomes have begun to be reported in large, high-quality cohorts. This article reviews the current evidence for the medium- to long-term use of BoNT-A in adults with idiopathic detrusor overactivity (IDO) receiving repeat injections. We find that medium-term outcomes are encouraging but long-term outcomes are not as extensively reported. There is high-quality evidence that efficacy following the first injection persists across multiple treatment cycles. There are no additional safety concerns from repeat injections up to six treatment cycles. However, there is a need for further data to confirm the efficacy and safety of BoNT-A beyond the follow-up period in the current literature.