Abstract
Anxiety's prevalence is increasing, making it a widespread mental health concern. However, scale-based diagnostic methods have limitations. Music therapy helps regulate emotions and alleviate anxiety symptoms. Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) offers a novel approach to diagnosing mental disorders by measuring changes in the concentrations of oxygenated hemoglobin (HbO) and deoxygenated hemoglobin (HbR) in the superficial layers of the brain, thereby reflecting brain activation. This is the first study to use fNIRS to examine the impact of music therapy on anxiety. fNIRS was used to measure changes in HbO and HbR in the superficial brain regions of individuals with anxiety symptoms to evaluate music therapy effectiveness and identify brain regions associated with anxiety. This study recruited 83 participants: 17 comprised the healthy control group, and 66 comprised the anxiety group. The anxiety group was divided into an intervention group (34 participants) and a waiting-list group (32 participants). The intervention group underwent 12 music therapy sessions and exhibited significant changes compared with the waiting group. These changes included connectivity between Wernicke's area and the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) as well as the visual association cortex and Broca's triangular area. These results suggested that the connectivity characteristics of these brain regions were associated with anxiety. Music therapy significantly improved brain network connectivity characteristics in individuals with anxiety symptoms. Furthermore, fNIRS indicators could serve as biomarkers for the auxiliary identification of anxiety symptoms, aiding early identification and intervention. Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT05648539.