Abstract
WHAT IS ALREADY KNOWN ABOUT THIS TOPIC? Currently, Mycobacterium tuberculosis is classified into 9 major lineages, each exhibiting distinct geographical distribution patterns and transmission characteristics. In China, Lineage 2 predominates, while Lineage 3 is primarily distributed in the Xinjiang region. WHAT IS ADDED BY THIS REPORT? This study integrated multidimensional analyses incorporating patient characteristics, strain lineages, drug resistance profiles, and transmission networks, providing a comprehensive elucidation of Mycobacterium tuberculosis molecular epidemiology. WHAT ARE THE IMPLICATIONS FOR PUBLIC HEALTH PRACTICE? Molecular epidemiological insights into Mycobacterium tuberculosis transmission in Southern Xinjiang enable precision tuberculosis control.