Abstract
WHAT IS ALREADY KNOWN ABOUT THIS TOPIC? Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) self-testing serves as a crucial strategy for overcoming testing barriers, with urine-based self-testing emerging as a potential novel approach. WHAT IS ADDED BY THIS REPORT? In a real-world setting, this study demonstrated that the urine rapid test exhibited lower diagnostic accuracy compared to the blood rapid test. Study participants expressed stronger preferences for HIV self-testing methods utilizing finger prick samples, accompanied by standard written instructions and lower costs. WHAT ARE THE IMPLICATIONS FOR PUBLIC HEALTH PRACTICE? Our findings indicate that rapid urine testing requires additional validation before widespread implementation. Future development efforts should prioritize user-friendly HIV self-testing approaches to enhance testing accessibility.