Abstract
WHAT IS ALREADY KNOWN ABOUT THIS TOPIC? Mental health issues in Chinese children and adolescents have emerged as a substantial public health concern, causing distress and strain among families and society. WHAT IS ADDED BY THIS REPORT? This study examines the effects of gender and school grade on mental health symptoms and risky behaviors among Chinese children and adolescents, with a particular focus on the role of family and school environments. WHAT ARE THE IMPLICATIONS FOR PUBLIC HEALTH PRACTICE? Caregivers and educators should enhance their awareness and skills in supporting the mental health of children. These findings offer critical insights for the early detection and intervention of mental health issues in Chinese children and adolescents.