Abstract
WHAT IS ALREADY KNOWN ABOUT THIS TOPIC? There were a total of 4 and 3 human plague cases that occurred in the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region in 2019 and 2020, respectively, with 1 and 2 deaths in 2019 and 2020 respectively, which indicated that plague still poses a significant threat to human health especially for farmers, shepherds, or residents living in native plague foci. WHAT IS ADDED BY THIS REPORT? On August 14, 2021, 1 patient from the Otog Qi (County) in the Inner Mongolia sought treatment in Yinchuan City (the capital of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region), where the patient was diagnosed with bubonic plague and secondary septicemic plague. The genetic source tracking of associated Yersinia pestis strains indicated that human plague cases were infected from animal reservoirs in Inner Mongolia. WHAT ARE THE IMPLICATIONS FOR PUBLIC HEALTH PRACTICE? Major threats of plague to residents living in native plague foci are the infection by bites of bacterium-bearing fleas or direct contact with diseased or dead plague-infected animals. And the ability of early diagnostic is very critical for county-level hospital in native plague foci.