Abstract
Aging represents a complex remodeling in which both innate and adaptive immunities deteriorate. Age-related changes in humoral immunity are responsible for the reduced vaccine responses observed in elderly individuals. Although T cell alterations play a significant role in age-related humoral immune changes, alterations in B cells also occur. We here provide an overview of age-related changes in B cell markers and functions. Our studies have shown that intrinsic changes in B cells with age contribute to reduced antibody responses such as those to the influenza vaccine.