Abstract
AIMS: Cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) reduces morbidity and mortality for patients with heart failure, reduced left ventricular ejection fraction, QRS duration >130 ms and in sinus rhythm. The aim of this study was to identify patient characteristics that predict the effect, specifically, of CRT pacemakers (CRT-P) on all-cause mortality or the composite of hospitalization for heart failure or all-cause mortality. METHODS AND RESULTS: We conducted an individual patient data meta-analysis of the Comparison of Medical Therapy, Pacing, and Defibrillation in Heart Failure (COMPANION) and Cardiac Resynchronization-Heart Failure (CARE-HF) trials. Only patients assigned to CRT-P or control (n = 1738) were included in order to avoid confounding from concomitant defibrillator therapy. The influence of baseline characteristics on treatment effects was investigated. Median age was 67 (59-73) years, most patients were men (70%), 68% had a QRS duration of 150-199 ms and 80% had left bundle branch block. Patients assigned to CRT-P had lower rates for all-cause mortality (hazard ratio [HR] 0.68, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.56-0.81; p < 0.0001) and the composite outcome (HR 0.67, 95% CI 0.58-0.78; p < 0.0001). No pre-specified characteristic, including sex, aetiology of ventricular dysfunction, QRS duration (within the studied range) or morphology or PR interval significantly influenced the effect of CRT-P on all-cause mortality or the composite outcome. However, CRT-P had a greater effect on the composite outcome for patients with lower body surface area and those prescribed beta-blockers. CONCLUSIONS: Cardiac resynchronization therapy-pacemaker reduces morbidity and mortality in appropriately selected patients with heart failure. Benefits may be greater in smaller patients and in those receiving beta-blockers. Neither QRS duration nor morphology independently predicted the benefit of CRT-P. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION: COMPANION, NCT00180258; CARE-HF, NCT00170300.