Abstract
The early diagnosis and accurate classification of lung cancer have a critical impact on clinical treatment and patient survival. The rise of artificial intelligence technology has led to breakthroughs in medical image analysis. The Lung-PET-CT-Dx public dataset was used for the model training and evaluation. The performance of the You Only Look Once (YOLO) series of models in the lung CT image object detection task is compared in terms of algorithms, and different versions of YOLOv5, YOLOv8, YOLOv9, YOLOv10, and YOLOv11 are examined for lung cancer detection and classification. The experimental results indicate that the prediction results of YOLOv8 are better than those of the other YOLO versions, with a precision rate of 90.32% and a recall rate of 84.91%, which proves that the model can effectively assist physicians in lung cancer diagnosis and improve the accuracy of disease localization and identification.