Abstract
Melanoma is characterized by its rapid progression and high mortality rates, making early and accurate detection essential for improving patient outcomes. This paper presents a comprehensive review of significant advancements in early melanoma detection, with a focus on integrating computer vision and deep learning techniques. This study investigates cutting-edge neural networks such as YOLO, GAN, Mask R-CNN, ResNet, and DenseNet to explore their application in enhancing early melanoma detection and diagnosis. These models were critically evaluated for their capacity to enhance dermatological imaging and diagnostic accuracy, crucial for effective melanoma treatment. Our research demonstrates that these AI technologies refine image analysis and feature extraction, and enhance processing capabilities in various clinical settings. Additionally, we emphasize the importance of comprehensive dermatological datasets such as PH2, ISIC, DERMQUEST, and MED-NODE, which are crucial for training and validating these sophisticated models. Integrating these datasets ensures that the AI systems are robust, versatile, and perform well under diverse conditions. The results of this study suggest that the integration of AI into melanoma detection marks a significant advancement in the field of medical diagnostics and is expected to have the potential to improve patient outcomes through more accurate and earlier detection methods. Future research should focus on enhancing these technologies further, integrating multimodal data, and improving AI decision interpretability to facilitate clinical adoption, thus transforming melanoma diagnostics into a more precise, personalized, and preventive healthcare service.