Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Maintenance treatment for ulcerative colitis may be discontinued for multiple reasons. This post hoc analysis assessed the efficacy and safety of re-treatment with filgotinib, an oral, once-daily, Janus kinase 1 preferential inhibitor, in the phase 2b/3 SELECTION trial and its long-term extension [LTE] study in ulcerative colitis. METHODS: Partial Mayo Clinic Score [pMCS] response and remission were evaluated in patients who received induction with filgotinib 200 mg [FIL200] or 100 mg [FIL100], were randomized to treatment withdrawal [placebo] during maintenance, and following disease worsening, were re-treated with open-label FIL200 in the LTE study. Factors were evaluated for association with pMCS remission at LTE week 12, and safety outcomes were reported. RESULTS: Analyses included 86 patients [FIL200: n = 51; FIL100: n = 35]. Median time to disease worsening following treatment withdrawal was 15.1 weeks (95% confidence interval [CI]: 9.1-18.7) for FIL200-induced patients and 9.6 weeks [95% CI: 6.3-12.0] for FIL100-induced patients. Three-quarters [75%] of patients achieved a pMCS response within 4-5 weeks of re-treatment in both groups. At LTE week 48, pMCS remission was achieved by 45.1% and 51.4% of FIL200- and FIL100-induced patients, respectively. Factors independently associated with restoring efficacy included no concomitant use of corticosteroids at induction baseline, and high albumin levels, pMCS remission, and endoscopic score at maintenance baseline. No new safety signals were reported among re-treated patients. CONCLUSIONS: In induction responders, re-treatment with FIL200 following temporary withdrawal from therapy restores response and/or remission in the majority of patients within 12 weeks. Re-treatment is well-tolerated. ClinicalTrials.gov identifiers: NCT02914522, NCT02914535.