Abstract
OBJECTIVE: The number of adults with dementia is rising worldwide. Although dementia has been linked with inferior outcomes following various operations, this phenomenon has not been fully elucidated among patients undergoing elective lung resection. Using a national cohort, we evaluated the association of dementia with clinical and financial outcomes following lobectomy for cancer. METHODS: Adults undergoing lobectomy for lung cancer were identified within the 2010-2020 Nationwide Readmissions Database. Patients with a comorbid diagnosis of dementia were considered the Dementia cohort (others: Non-Dementia). Multivariable regressions were developed to evaluate the association between dementia and key outcomes. RESULTS: Of ∼314,436 patients, 2863 (0.9%) comprised the Dementia cohort. Compared with Non-Dementia, the Dementia cohort was older (75 vs 68 years, P < .001), less commonly female (49.4 vs 53.9%, P = .01), and had a greater burden of comorbid conditions. After adjustment, dementia remained associated with similar odds of in-hospital mortality (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 0.86; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.54-1.38) but greater likelihood of pneumonia (aOR, 1.31; CI, 1.04-1.65) and infectious complications (aOR, 1.37; CI, 1.01-1.87). Further, dementia was associated with longer length of stay (β +0.96 days; CI, 0.51-1.41), but no difference in hospitalization cost (β $1528; CI, -92 to 3148). CONCLUSIONS: Patients with dementia faced similar odds of mortality, but greater complications and resource use following lobectomy for lung cancer. Novel interventions are needed to improve care coordination and develop standardized recovery pathways for this growing cohort.