Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) presents new challenges as a global public health problem, especially at a time of increasing threats to some particular patients due to Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection and multidrug-resistant (MDR) and extensively drug-resistant (XDR) strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The World Health Assembly strives to reduce TB deaths by 95% and to decrease TB incidence by 95% by 2035. However, new approaches are necessary in order to attain these objectives. Such approaches include active ascertainment of cases in high risk populations, increasing the availability of accurate point-of-care testing, rapid detection of drug resistance, novel vaccines, and new prophylaxis and treatment regimens (particularly for MDR and XDR TB). The ultimate objective of those programs is to develop highly effective drug regimens that can achieve high cure rates regardless of strains' resistance patterns.