Abstract
As wearable technologies have become increasingly affordable, accessible, and practical, an increasing number of people with cardiovascular disease are beginning to use consumer-grade devices. Common health and wellness metrics reported by wearable devices include heart rate, heart rhythm, and step count, which may afford opportunities to assess cardiovascular conditions, prescribe more personalized exercise for enhanced engagement, and monitor physical activity adherence in patients with cardiovascular disease. This narrative review discusses the application of wearable devices in patients with coronary artery disease, heart failure, atrial fibrillation (AF), cardiac implantable electric devices, and peripheral artery disease in different cardiovascular rehabilitation settings (eg, supervised and home-based). Available literature suggests that, when combined with telemonitoring, wearable devices can increase physical activity participation, thereby improving peak oxygen consumption ( V˙ O(2peak)) and quality of life (QoL) in patients with coronary artery disease, enhancing physical function and QoL in patients with heart failure, and increasing walking capacity and V˙ O(2peak) in patients with peripheral artery disease. Wearable devices can also detect AF vs sinus rhythm, guide exercise timing in patients with AF, and monitor safe exercise intensity in patients equipped with cardiac implantable electric devices. Healthcare professionals can promote physical activity by incorporating wearable devices, which can help motivate device users by providing real-time feedback on their behaviours. Commercially available wearable devices have the potential to enhance engagement in physical activity, thereby augmenting the established effects of exercise programs on V˙ O(2peak), functional capacity, and QoL in patients with various cardiovascular conditions.