Abstract
INTRODUCTION: AI is radically changing workplace ecosystems in the midst of the Fourth Industrial Revolution, making human-machine collaboration a need for organizations. The ambidextrous processes by which AI simultaneously encourages and constrains inventive behaviors need systematic examination, even though employee innovation is still essential for maintaining competitive advantage. In order to understand the paradoxical consequences of AI, this study builds a dual-path moderated mediation model based on the Job Demands-Resources (JD-R) paradigm. METHODS: Using a two-wave longitudinal design with a 3-month interval and multi-source data from 250 experts in China, we combined survey measurements with quasi-experimental manipulations. The following findings were obtained using structural equation modeling (SEM) and bootstrapping. RESULTS: (1) AI technology adoption is a job resource that increases Felt Obligation for Constructive Change (FOCC), but it also acts as a job demand that inhibits innovation by creating a sense of job insecurity; (2) task crafting is a crucial boundary condition that amplifies the positive mediation path while attenuating the negative pathway. DISCUSSION: Based on the aforementioned findings, this study highlights the importance of considering employees' psychological states and behavioral changes while fostering technological innovation, exposing the intricacy of artificial intelligence technology in HRM from both a subjective and objective standpoint. Job insecurity is a possible drawback of technology use, hence businesses should take appropriate steps to lessen employee uneasiness while using new technologies. Felt Obligation for Constructive Change, on the other hand, is a crucial strategy for encouraging creative behavior. To do this, managers must investigate and enhance employees' intrinsic motivation for their everyday tasks and foster a culture of creativity. Task crafting, as an effective self-management and driving factor, is also very important to reduce the negative effects of technology adoption and increase its positive effects. For this reason, businesses should support and encourage employees to improve their autonomy and flexibility, iterate on their work methods, and stimulate their ability to innovate. This will not only help employees develop their own skills but also give businesses a competitive edge and continuous innovation motivation.