Abstract
Destruction of cartilage due to the abnormal remodeling of subchondral bone (SB) leads to osteoarthritis (OA), and restoring chondro-bone metabolic homeostasis is the key to the treatment of OA. However, traditional intra-articular injections for the treatment of OA cannot directly break through the cartilage barrier to reach SB. In this study, the hydrothermal method is used to synthesize ultra-small size (≈5 nm) selenium-doped carbon quantum dots (Se-CQDs, SC), which conjugated with triphenylphosphine (TPP) to create TPP-Se-CQDs (SCT). Further, SCT is dynamically complexed with hyaluronic acid modified with aldehyde and methacrylic anhydride (AHAMA) to construct highly permeable micro/nano hydrogel microspheres (SCT@AHAMA) for restoring chondro-bone metabolic homeostasis. In vitro experiments confirmed that the selenium atoms scavenged reactive oxygen species (ROS) from the mitochondria of mononuclear macrophages, inhibited osteoclast differentiation and function, and suppressed early chondrocyte apoptosis to maintain a balance between cartilage matrix synthesis and catabolism. In vivo experiments further demonstrated that the delivery system inhibited osteoclastogenesis and H-vessel invasion, thereby regulating the initiation and process of abnormal bone remodeling and inhibiting cartilage degeneration in SB. In conclusion, the micro/nano hydrogel microspheres based on ultra-small quantum dots facilitate the efficient penetration of articular SB and regulate chondro-bone metabolism for OA treatment.