Testosterone treatment in older men: glass half empty or half full?

In a series of randomized controlled trials published in JAMA and JAMA Intern Med, US researchers have examined the effect of testosterone treatment in older men with testosterone levels <275 ng dl(−1) on coronary artery plaque volume, cognitive function, anemia, and volumetric bone density. While the trials have shown positive results with respect to improvement in anemia and bone density, longer-term studies are required to delineate the long-term risks and benefits in this population.