Abstract
Intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD) is the primary cause of low back pain, and patients with severe degeneration usually require lumbar fusion or total disc arthroplasty. Lumbar fusion carries the risk of accelerated degeneration of the adjacent intervertebral disc (IVD), and total disc arthroplasty could reduce the risk. However, the clinical application of artificial IVD whose nondegradable properties make it difficult to restore the biological function of the IVD. Therefore, we intend to fabricate a novel biomimetic microchannel integrated silk fibroin scaffold (BMI-SF scaffold) containing annulus fibrosus with oriented cross-microchannels and nucleus pulposus with interconnected porous structure. The BMI-SF scaffold exhibits controllable microchannels as well as excellent biocompatibility and biodegradability. In vitro and in vivo studies have demonstrated that microchannels can direct cells into the BMI-SF scaffold and enhance neovascularization, supplying adequate nutritional support for tissue regeneration. The IVD replacement model showed that the BMI-SF scaffold has superior regenerative effects, such as restoring IVD height and providing motion segments with dynamic mechanical properties akin to the natural IVD. In this study, the BMI-SF scaffold developed using controlled microchannels provides a new strategy for patients with severe IVDD and has broad clinical application prospects.