Abstract
Coronavirus has continued to evolve and has thus caused unprecedented challenges for human society. Multiple nations have fully or partially relied on the limited approach against the COVID-19 variants, which includes not wearing face masks, vaccine hesitancy, and political conflicts. For effective pandemic management, all nations still need to adhere to the unlimited approach, which includes wearing face masks, vaccination, and risk-oriented strategies. Despite many people's resistance to these relatively restrictive measures, the society could not only reduce physical impacts but also social impacts of COVID-19 variants in time, in particular without flexibly relying on the unlimited approach.