Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is a contagious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis) and is transmitted through airborne particles. Although TB usually damages the lungs, this disease can also cause complications in various organs, including the cardiovascular system. Indeed, pericarditis represents the most frequently reported cardiac manifestation of TB, and may present alongside fever, dyspnea, cough, or increased central venous pressure, hepatomegaly, and peripheral edema. Tuberculous-related pericarditis treatment is challenging due to the poor penetration of anti-tuberculous drugs into the pericardium. Myocarditis is another form of cardiac manifestation and is often associated with arrhythmias. Tuberculous aortitis typically causes dilatation leading to pseudoaneurysm formation and is usually asymptomatic; however, this manifestation can result in sepsis, aortic rupture, or even death, although rarely. Cardiac tuberculomas may present with general symptoms and can impair heart function by obstructing the outflow tracts, leading to ventricular dysfunction. Additionally, the primary treatment of TB carries cardiotoxicity risks, such as various arrhythmias. Moreover, TB significantly increases the risk of cardiovascular conditions, including myocardial infarction and coronary artery obstruction. Therefore, early recognition and a multidisciplinary approach are crucial to prevent severe outcomes such as sudden cardiac death, sepsis, or aortic rupture. Thus, this review highlights the spectrum of TB-related cardiac complications and underscores the importance of greater awareness and timely multidisciplinary care.