Abstract
RATIONALE: Type 2 diabetes (T2D) costs billions of dollars annually, is also associated with pain (diabetic neuropathy), as well as retinopathy, lower urinary tract/urinary bladder dysfunction, depression, and systemic inflammation, affecting quality of life for patients. To that end, animal models are utilized to explore potential treatments, but may not reflect the complexity of the condition. OBJECTIVE: We aimed to test an improved model of T2D that more closely mimics the clinical mechanisms and symptoms in an outbred strain of mouse. FINDINGS: Male and female CD-1 mice (n = 72) were fed one of four diets: regular chow (REG), our Standard American Diet (SAD), a revised SAD (SAD2), or the commonly-used high-fat diet (HFD). Overall, HFD- and SAD-fed mice had significant weight gain and increased fat mass. Following injury, the SAD- and SAD2-fed mice showed protracted recovery, but the HFD-fed mice did not. Similarly, SAD- and SAD2-fed mice showed impaired retinal function compared to REG-fed mice, but the HFD-fed mice did not. CONCLUSIONS: The SAD and SAD2 more closely model the problematic dietary intake and subsequent clinical symptoms associated with T2D. POTENTIAL IMPACT OF STUDY: The adjusted SAD2 may be a better representation of a human-translatable diet than the SAD and HFD, and may allow for increased advances in the investigation of T2D-related symptoms.