Abstract
Background The COVID-19 pandemic led to rapid and wide-scale changes in graduate medical education and impacted the well-being of frontline physicians, including residents and fellows. While institutions and programs implemented initiatives to support the unique needs of trainees during the pandemic, there remains a gap in the literature in examining the approaches used, the domains of well-being addressed, and the effectiveness of these efforts. Objective To review the literature on interventions designed to promote resident and fellow well-being during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods The authors conducted a scoping review of the literature published between January 1, 2020, and November 30, 2023, in PubMed, Scopus, Embase, PsycINFO, CINAHL, and ERIC to identify interventions to promote the well-being of trainees during the COVID-19 pandemic. Results Eighteen articles met inclusion criteria, mainly studies conducted in the United States (14 of 18, 77.8%). Most interventions targeted psychological well-being (16 of 18, 88.9%), with only a few studies that included interventions in the physical or social domains. Interventions entailed redeployment, schedule modifications, communication strategies, and expanded mental health support. Most interventions were limited to a few weeks' duration in the first surge phase of the pandemic. Only 11 studies (61%) reported outcome measures, and only 2 (11%) used instruments with validity evidence. Most studies did not report sufficient data to evaluate study quality. Conclusions While longer-term outcome data were often lacking, studies described a range of interventions to support resident well-being. Future research should focus on the effectiveness of well-being interventions and include cohorts from more diverse clinical settings.