Background
Expanded myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) correlate with disseminated metastases and poor prognosis in various human cancers. However, the role of MDSCs in gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms (GEP-NENs) is still unknown. We investigated the distribution of MDSCs and their clinical significance in patients with GEP-NENs.
Conclusions
High M-MDSC levels were associated with significantly increased metastases in patients with GEP-NENs. M-MDSCs appear to be a promising prognostic immunologic biomarker and therapeutic target in GEP-NEN management.
Methods
Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and paraffin-embedded tumor tissues were acquired from patients with GEP-NENs. Multicolor flow cytometry was performed to determine the frequency of MDSCs in peripheral blood, and immunohistochemistry was performed to determine the distribution of MDSCs in primary NEN tissues.
Results
Compared to healthy donors, patients with GEP-NENs had significantly higher levels of circulating monocytic (M)-MDSCs. Frequency of M-MDSCs in both peripheral blood and primary NEN tissues was significantly higher in GEP-NEN patients with metastases compared to patients without metastases. Tumor-infiltrating M-MDSCs can serve as a valuable prognostic marker of metastasis in patients with GEP-NENs, as indicated by the area under the curve (AUC) = 0.71; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.56-0.87, p < 0.01. Conclusions: High M-MDSC levels were associated with significantly increased metastases in patients with GEP-NENs. M-MDSCs appear to be a promising prognostic immunologic biomarker and therapeutic target in GEP-NEN management.