Abstract
In Europe, biogerontology deals with: (i) describing the aging phenotype at the level of organs, systems, tissues, cells and molecules; (ii) unraveling the biochemical and molecular mechanisms of age-related changes; (iii) identifying genes that affect the quality and duration of lifespan; (iv) identifying the rate-limiting steps which lead to the emergence of age-related diseases; and (v) developing effective interventions to modulate aging and to extend the healthspan. Different countries have different priority areas for research, which change and evolve in accordance with the changing social, political and economic trends. At the molecular level, failure of homeodynamics, increased molecular heterogeneity, altered cellular functioning and reduced stress tolerance are the main determinants of aging. Gene therapy, stem cells, nutriceuticals, cosmeceuticals and other life style alterations are examples of aging interventions being researched. Another approach is that of hormesis by strengthening the homeodynamic ability of self-maintenance through repetitive mild stress. European biogerontology aims to achieve the goal of extended healthspan by elucidating and utilising dynamic interactions among biological, clinical, psycho-social and environmental factors.