Abstract
Background: We investigated the ability of a novel stand-alone, smartphone-based system, the cvrPhone, in estimating the minute ventilation (MV) from body surface electrocardiographic (ECG) signals. Methods: Twelve lead ECG signals were collected from anesthetized and mechanically ventilated swine (n = 9) using standard surface electrodes and the cvrPhone. The tidal volume delivered to the animals was varied between 0, 250, 500, and 750 mL at respiration rates of 6 and 14 breaths/min. MV estimates were determined by the cvrPhone and were compared with the delivered ones. Results: The median relative estimation errors were 17%, -4%, 35%, -3%, -9%, and 1%, for true MVs of 1,500, 3,000, 3,500, 4,500, 7,000, and 10,500 breaths*mL/min, respectively. The MV estimates at each of the settings were significantly different from each other (p < 0.05). Conclusions: We have demonstrated that accurate MV estimations can be derived from standard body surface ECG signals, using a smartphone.