Abstract
BACKGROUND: While rare, penoscrotal lymphedema (PL) is accompanied with devastating effects on the quality of life of patients. Moreover, especially for patients with excessive (giant) PL, no standardized curative treatment has been defined. This article therefore retrospectively evaluates the authors' surgical treatment approach for giant PL, which includes resection alone or in combination with a free vascularized lymph node transfer (VLNT). METHODS: A total of ten patients met the inclusion criteria. One patient dropped out of the study before therapy commenced. Eight of the nine remaining patients presented with end-stage (giant) PL. One patient presented with manifest pitting edema. All patients were treated with penoscrotal resection and reconstruction. Additionally, five patients received VLNT into the groin or scrotum. RESULTS: The extent of the lymphedema was specified with a treatment-oriented classification system. The median follow-up was 49.0 months. No patient showed a recurrence. Patients who received VLNT into the scrotum displayed a significantly improved lymphatic transport of the scrotum. CONCLUSIONS: Advanced PL should be treated in a standardized surgical fashion as suggested by our proposed algorithm. VLNT from the lateral thoracic region into the scrotum must be considered. If treated correctly, surgical intervention of end-stage PL leads to good results with a low recurrence rate.