Abstract
Background: Combined cognitive and physical training develops resilience to mental fatigue, reduces perceived effort, and improves endurance exercise performance when compared to physical training and no training. The isolated contribution of cognitive training toward endurance performance has yet to be determined. Accordingly, we examined the effects of separate cognitive training on endurance exercise performance. Method: Two studies employed a pre-test/training/post-test design, with participants randomly assigned to cognitive training or control groups. At pre-test and post-test, participants completed a rhythmic handgrip task (Study 1) or a graded exercise test on a cycle ergometer (Study 2). In Study 1, the cognitive training group completed 20 sessions (four 20 min sessions per week for five weeks) of cognitive training (incongruent Stroop and 2-back tasks), whereas the control group completed no training. In Study 2, the cognitive training group completed nine sessions (three 10 min sessions per week for three weeks) of cognitive training (incongruent Stroop, stop-signal and typing inhibition tasks), whereas the control group completed nine sessions of sham training (congruent Stroop, sham stop-signal and sham typing inhibition tasks). Endurance exercise performance was measured as force production (Study 1) and time to exhaustion (Study 2). Heart rate, exertion and fatigue were also measured. Results: Endurance performance, indexed by force production (Study 1) and time to exhaustion (Study 2), did not change from pre-test to post-test and did not differ between cognitive training and control groups. Similarly, ratings of perceived exertion and heart rate during the exercise tasks did not differ between cognitive training and control groups (Studies 1 and 2). Conclusions: Since separate cognitive training did not improve exercise endurance performance, combined training should be used to create a synergistic training stimulus for brain adaptation and performance enhancement.