Protocol for designing and preparing gallium particles using cell membrane encapsulation for applications in melanoma cryoablation therapy

Liquid metals are increasingly applied in drug delivery, in vivo imaging, and biosensing. Herein, we describe a surface modification strategy, where cell membrane is introduced to encapsulate gallium (Ga) particles. We detail preparation steps of Ga microparticles by sonication, followed by Ga microparticles coating with purified tumor cell membranes and morphological assessment using TEM and cryo-TEM. We further describe cell uptake and establishment of tumor-bearing mouse models and steps to assess in vitro cytotoxicity and in vivo antitumor cryotherapy. For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Wang et al. (2022).