Abstract
BACKGROUND: Non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) is a frequent phenomenon in adolescents and is closely related to eventual suicide. Although the effect of air pollution on various diseases has been extensively investigated, no studies examined its effect on NSSI in young students. OBJECTIVES: We investigated the effect of air pollution on NSSI in Chinese students. METHODS: We investigated the incidence of NSSI in the past 12 months in 54 923 Chinese students with an anonymous questionnaire. We assessed the air pollution exposure of each student by the air quality matched with their schools, which were calculated by the inverse distance weighting method from the environmental monitoring data. We discussed the association between ambient air pollutants and the incidence of NSSI using generalized additive mixed models. RESULTS: A 10 μg/m(3) increase in the annual moving average concentration of particulate matter with diameters less than 2.5 μm (PM(2.5)) and ozone (O(3)) was associated with a 13.9 percent and a 10.5 percent increase in the odds ratio (OR) of NSSI, respectively. In addition, a 0.1 mg/m(3) increase in the annual moving average concentration of carbon monoxide (CO) was associated with a 4.8 percent increase in the OR of NSSI. NO(2) and SO(2) were not related to NSSI. CO and O(3) show non-linear effects on NSSI. Male students in high school are the most s to the effects of PM(2.5) on NSSI. CONCLUSIONS: Our study suggests that increases in PM(2.5), O(3) and CO may increase the incidence of NSSI among adolescent students.