Abstract
Relapsed/refractory acute myeloid leukemia (RR-AML) are important types of hematological malignancy for which no effective salvage chemotherapy has been approved. The main purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of adding Bortezomib to salvage chemotherapy protocol in RR-AML patients. In this prospective non-interventional study, 40 consecutive patients with RR-AML attending Taleghani Hospital who underwent salvage therapy, were enrolled and subdivided into salvage chemotherapy plus Bortezomib and salvage chemotherapy without Bortezomib and the therapeutic response, adverse effects, and survival among them were determined. The results in this study demonstrated that complete response was present in 30% and 25% in Bortezomib group and the other group, respectively and the partial response was seen in 35% and 50% and no response was present in 35% and 25%, respectively (P = 0.621). Furthermore, in each group, 15% had a side effect (P = 1.000). Mean survival was 8.2 and 7.1 in Bortezomib and the other group, respectively (P = 0.275). Based on the obtained results, it may be concluded that adding Bortezomib to salvage chemotherapy is feasible in RR-AML patients. For evaluation of efficacy further study is recommended.