Objective
To explore the differences in disease susceptibility to human papilloma virus-16 (HPV-16), phosphoinositide 3 kinase (PI3K) and extracellular signal regulating kinase (ERK) protein expression in cervical squamous cancer tissues between Uyghur and Han women. The expression of PI3K and ERK and presence of HPV-16 infection were detected by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and S-P immunohistochemical assay in cervical squamous carcinoma tissue. To detect PI3K and ERK expression in cervical squamous carcinoma tissue and HPV-16 infection condition, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and S-P immunohistochemical assay were used. HPV-16 infection rate in cervical squamous cancer tissue of Uighur women (40.43%) was significantly higher than Han women (8.33%) (P < 0.05). The positive expression of PI3K in cervical squamous carcinoma tissues was 92.41% (Uyghur nationality: 93.09%; Han nationality: 88.89%), and no statistical difference was observed between Uyghur and Han women (P > 0.05). The positive expression rate of ERK was 68.3%, while the expression in Uyghur (65.43%) was lower than that in Han (83.33%) (P < 0.01). Combining multiple factors, including age, nationality, and HPV-16, the risk ratio of ERK protein high positive expression rate in Han women was 2.466 times that of Uighur women (P < 0.05). A correlation between PI3K and ERK in cervical squamous cancer tissue in Uighur women was found. (r = 0.340, P < 0.001). As compared to Han women, Uyghur women exhibited higher susceptibility to HPV-16. Also, PI3K and ERK protein expression are closely related to cervical cancer occurrence. The expression of ERK in cervical squamous carcinoma tissues differed between the two groups.